Introduction
Artificial intelligence is no longer a developing or experimental tool, it has become part of everyday decision-making across finance, employment, telecommunications, public administration, and digital commerce, with credit assessments, recruitment processes, content moderation, targeted advertising, and even public-sector functions increasingly relying on automated systems, all of which are connected by their reliance on personal data.
As Artificial Intelligence systems become more deeply embedded in economic and social life, questions about how personal data is collected, analysed, inferred, and used have become unavoidable, and these questions are not merely technical but legal in nature, because although modern data protection laws were not drafted with complex machine-learning models in mind, data privacy law now provides the primary framework through which Artificial Intelligence systems are regulated where personal data is involved, making it necessary to examine how existing data privacy rules apply to artificial intelligence, the risks that arise from Artificial Intelligence-driven data processing, and the direction of regulatory oversight.
